The Economist

Britain's dairy farmers are pouring milk away

Britain built the world's most productive dairy herd: 2x output per cow since the 1970s via AI, robotic milkers, and precision breeding. Output hit 13 billion litres, up 5% year-on-year, but there aren't enough processing plants to convert the surplus into butter, cheese, or powder. Prices dropped 17% since September; farmers are selling below cost. Productivity outrunning infrastructure is a capital allocation failure, and it plays out the same way wherever production capability advances faster than the downstream system built to capture its value.